This changed after the 1940s when World War II resulted in the need for a large increase in the number of trained clinicians. In the first half of the 20th century, clinical psychology was focused on psychological assessment, with little attention given to treatment. The field is generally considered to have begun in 1896 with the opening of the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania by Lightner Witmer. In many countries, clinical psychology is a regulated mental health profession. Central to its practice are psychological assessment, clinical formulation, and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration. Clinical psychology is an integration of human science, behavioral science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.
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